How To Convert Time To Hours And Minutes In Excel

If you or an employee used custom time formats in Excel, you can convert them to decimals simply by changing the format. Highlight the cells, right-click them and then select "Format Cells." Under the Number tab, select "Number." Time, of course, is an exception because it's based on 12.

The day and the night are each 12 hours, while hours and minutes are divided into 60 . While we can all calculate times quite easily, converting the 12-based system into the 10-based decimal system can often be a chore. Although you can convert seconds to minutes and seconds in Excel, it can be a bit tricky to convert and display times in combined units .

Because time is calculated in Excel as a fraction of a day, you can convert fractions to appropriate time increments by combining calculations and custom number formatting. In this tutorial, I will show you some examples of converting time to a decimal using formulas (i.e, converting time to hours, minutes, and seconds). The tutorial demonstrates different ways to convert time to decimal in Excel. You will find a variety of formulas to change time to hours, minutes or seconds as well as convert text to time and vice versa. Microsoft Excel allows you to crunch a myriad of numbers to meet your calculation requirements. Although times can be calculated without special formatting, your personal needs may require that you split the number into separate hour, minute and second cells.

Splitting the time like this allows you to perform calculations using individualized units, without interfering with the time as a whole. Excel offers three functions to enable this separation. If you want to learn a few more helpful formulas to add and subtract times, calculate elapsed time and time difference, please check out other parts of our Excel Times tutorial .

I thank you for reading and hope to see you again next week. Further on in this tutorial, you will find the detailed explanation of the first way and formula examples demonstrating the other technique. Excel has several custom formatting options for duration of time, and it will recognize most times you enter, provided you use a colon between the hours, minutes and seconds. You can combine calculations and custom number formatting to display minutes and seconds in Excel. You can use conditional formatting in Excel to highlight cells containing dates before today or within a date range before the current date.

In a worksheet, you can use conditional formatting to highlight selected cells by filling them with a color based on rules or conditions. This type of formatting is helpful if you want to highlight past due dates such as invoices that are 30, 60 or 90 days overdue. There are other functions and calculations you can use to calculate time but the strategies we've used here are useful for many scenarios. Working with time can be tricky and if start times and end times are not entered correctly, you won't be able to calculate time differences.

There are several time formats in this dialog box. Codes include h for hour, m for minute and s for seconds. Working with Time in Microsoft Excel | Time Functions and Conversion Do you need to add or subtract time in Excel?

Some time calculations are easy, but depending on how the time is entered, you may need to use the TIME function or formula to add or subtract time. For example, if you have 9am in B2, and in cell C2, you have 3, for three hours, you can't add them with B2+C2 and get the correct answer without the TIME function. If you do not like to remember formulas, you can use Convert Time utility of Kutools for Excel to convert time to decimal hours or minutes or seconds by a click. I know I'm asking a lot here but could you explain how to convert "Duration in seconds " to a readable format of years,months,weeks,days,seconds in Excel?

I see all sorts of ways to convert date to date, etc but not "duration" of time in seconds! I need a way to convert it into a readable format of years, months, weeks, days, hours and seconds. I can do it in Perl, C and others but not in Excell. Converting time to decimal format just involves basic division. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds in a minute. Another way to change hours to minutes, seconds; You can use the functions HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND to calculate the number of hours and minutes and use the sum calculation.

There are 1,440 minutes in a day, to get the minute number from a TIME value is to multiply it by the number 1440. One day is 24 hours, to get the hour number from a TIME value is to multiply it by the number 24. So, to convert time to minutes, you can simply multiply the time value with 1440. The easiest way to convert time to decimal in Excel is to times the original value by the number of hours, seconds or minutes in a day. Formulas are the key to getting things done in Excel. You'll also learn how to troubleshoot, trace errors, and fix problems.

As you see, the formulas with cell references and corresponding text strings deliver identical results. Also, please notice the left alignment of time strings in cells A2 and A6 and right-aligned converted time values in column D. This is how you split date and time in Excel.

You need to select the input range of time data that you want to convert to minutes. It is very simple to automatically convert minutes to hours in Excel. We can use simple math to achieve the result we want. This step by step tutorial will assist all levels of Excel users in converting minutes to hours.

This is exactly what I was looking for, converting a period of time to its hours and minutes format. Hi - I'm Dave Bruns, and I run Exceljet with my wife, Lisa. Our goal is to help you work faster in Excel. We create short videos, and clear examples of formulas, functions, pivot tables, conditional formatting, and charts.Read more. Is there a potential solution for correcting the formatting. When Pasting time values from different systems they will show the minuets as hours and others will be correct.

How Do You Convert Decimal To Hours And Minutes In Excel If your time formulas and calculations do not work right, time values formatted as text is often the cause. The fastest way to convert text to time in Excel is using the TIMEVALUE function. If any of the above formulas returns a value formatted as time, simply change the cell's format to Generalto display it as a number. To convert time to seconds/minutes/hours and save the result to another location, do as follows.

You need to select the range of time data that you want to convert to hours. Here are steps to convert time data to minutes in the Excel spreadsheet, please do as follows. You can also use the Convert function to convert between hours, minutes, seconds or days. In order to convert minutes to hours, we simply divide the number of minutes by 60 because there are 60 minutes in every hour.

This tutorial will demonstrate how to convert minutes to hours or hours to minutes in Excel & Google Sheets. Excel stores Date and Time in number format. To convert hours from one standard time format to others, we can use the CONVERT Function. Just like we used these functions to get the hour value, you can also use these to convert time to minutes.

Thankfully Excel has some awesome formulas, you can easily convert time to decimal values. By default, date and time are saved as numbers/decimals in Excel. But you often see it in different formats because of the way the cells have been formatted. You can achieve the same result using the inbuilt Excel CONVERT function. Make sure your time/decimal cells are formatted the same as listed above. Cell B2 of the spreadsheets below show the two formulas that can be used to convert a time to a number of minutes in Excel.

The following spreadsheets show two different formulas that can be used to convert a time to a number of hours in Excel. Kutools also provides functions to convert time to seconds, minutes, or hours. Kutools TabThen, a prompt box will pop-out to show you how many cells are converted to hours. Kutools TabThen, a prompt box will pop-out to show you how many cells are converted to minutes. In this article, Software Tips will show you how to convert hours to minutes in Excel.

The first line of functions here uses the HOUR(), MINUTE(), and SECOND() functions and the second line uses the long format formulas. This exhibits the situation where the hours exceed 24 and the HOUR function won't work correctly. All depends on you, which solution is the most convenient for you. For me formula #1, the multiplication formula is the simplest.

Formula #2 uses one excel function, and the most complex is formula #3 using three excel functions plus multiplication and division formulas. You may need to select column C and apply the General format to view the result as a fraction. Click the Home tab in the Ribbon and in the Number group, select General from the drop-down menu of formats. Select the cells, columns or rows to which you want to apply a custom number format. To master the art of Excel, check out CFI's FREE Excel Crash Course, which teaches you how to become an Excel power user.

Learn the most important formulas, functions, and shortcuts to become confident in your financial analysis. Minute – Can be any number from 0 to 32767, representing the minutes. If a value is more than 59 then it is converted to hours and minutes. In that case, you can not use the above methods directly. You will first have to split the date and time and then convert the time to decimals. In the sections that follow, I will show you examples of how to convert Excel time to decimal values using these methods.

When you convert a time to a decimal, the cell containing the result may have the wrong formatting (e.g. the result may be displayed as a time, instead of a decimal). The resulting amount includes a decimal value for minutes, but this is a fraction of an hour, as opposed to a fraction of a day as was shown in Figure 1. Then select the converted result and drag the fill handle to a range needed to apply the function. The hour unit code enclosed in square brackets is used to display more than 24 hours. For more information, please see How to show over 24 hours, 60 minutes and 60 seconds in Excel. Use the hour unit code enclosed in square brackets to display more than 24 hours.

Can you please help convert decimal 37.5 to hours and minutes. If you look closely, you will find the formula for converting time to decimal in this paragraph. If someone wants to get the first-hand experience with the formulas discussed in this article, you are most welcome to download the Sample workbook for converting time in Excel. Either way, the Format Cells dialog will appear, you select Time on the left pane under Category, and choose the format you want on the right pane under Type.

Please see How to apply or change the time format in Excel for more details. If the separated date and time values are not displayed properly, change the format of the new columns to Date and Time, respectively. To convert time to a number of hours, multiply the time by 24, which is the number of hours in a day. First, you need to select the range of input that you want to convert to seconds/minutes/hours.

First, you need to select the range of time data that you want to convert to seconds. For the above example, the default from_unit value is "day" , and if you want to change to hours / minutes / seconds then change to_unit to "hr" / "mn" / "sec" respectively. The most likely reason you might need this is for reporting payroll hours worked. Our organization defines the conversion of minutes to decimal hours in Appendix C – Leaves / Absence Reporting. In this post, I am going to show you how to create a formula to convert time duration into tenths of an hour using Excel. How do you know how many minutes a day or half is, or how many hours are five million seconds?

This article provides an easy way to solve this problem. This will split the time so that one cell each will contain the rounded number of hours, the remainder of the minutes, and the remainder of the seconds. For example, there is a TIME value in column A as shown below. How the conversion results to hours, minutes and seconds.

Contact us at if you'd like to arrange custom onsite training or an online course on a date that's convenient for you. In such scenarios, TIME can be used to convert a text string into a decimal format that represents the time. The function can also be used to merge individual values into a single time value.

We can see in this Example, the formula in B3 returns "4" because 240 divided by 60 is equal to 4. Hourly Wage Calculator - calculate the amount of hours and minutes a worker spent on his/her job. So far, we have seen examples where we only have the time and we wanted to convert that time into hours, minutes or seconds. So, to convert time to seconds, you can simply multiply the time value with 86400. Again, definitely the easiest way to convert time to minutes is by using the convert formula.

This works because of the fact that Excel stores dates and times as numbers. This means that each hour is stored as 1/24. The spreadsheets below show the formulas that can be used to convert a time to a number of seconds in Excel. The simplest formula to convert a time to a number of hours is shown below.

In this case, the time is simply multiplied by 24 . When you release the mouse, all those cells you dragged this formula over will be converted to minutes and seconds. After selecting the converting option, a dialog popped out to remind you how many cells have been converted. I need to change this to actual hours and minutes.

Peer Review Definition Oxford English

View DescriptionLILACS (Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature)The resource includes freely available literature related to medicine and the health sciences that has been published in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. It contains articles, including clinical studies and systematic reviews, from almost 900 journals, as well as theses, scientific reports and government publications. The database is published by a network of international health organizations coordinated by the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information. This collection provides access to databases covering international literature in social sciences, including politics, public policy, sociology, social work, anthropology, criminology, linguistics, library science, and education. Featured databases include IBSS, Sociological Abstracts and Worldwide Political Science Abstracts.

Together, they provide abstracts, indexing and full-text coverage of journal articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, working papers, and more. View DescriptionRoyal Society of Chemistry publicationsThis resource provides access to current and historical content from the Royal Society of Chemistry and its forerunner societies. It contains searchable full-text of 44 peer-reviewed journals, more than 1,500 books, and a collection of online databases and literature updating services. Article coverage is from 1841 to current, with reference-linking in articles published after 1990.

Scopus is one of the largest multi-disciplinary abstracting and indexing databases of research literature and quality web sources. It offers access to over 16,000 titles from more than 4000 international publishers, with abstracts available back to 1966. Coverage includes scientific, technical, medical and social sciences literature including, arts and humanities. There are also 23 million patent records from 5 patent offices as well as links to 'Articles in Press' from over 3,000 journals.

PsycINFO is an electronic bibliographic database providing abstracts and citations to the scholarly literature in the psychological, social, behavioral, and health sciences. The database includes material of relevance to psychologists and professionals in related fields such as psychiatry, management, business, education, social science, neuroscience, law, medicine, and social work. Updated weekly, PsycINFO provides access to journal articles, books, chapters, and dissertations. This collection provides access to renowned databases such as PAIS and WPSA, covering the international literature in political science and public administration/policy, along with related fields. Together, they provide abstracts, indexing and full text coverage of journal articles, country reports, dissertations, think-tank reports, working papers, government documents and more, including full-text from many leading political science and international relations journals. View DescriptionGEOBASEThis resource covers the fields of physical and cultural geography, earth sciences, ecology and natural resources, as well as international development-related topics.

Coverage includes scholarly journal literature, magazine articles, product reviews, directories, conference proceedings, and reports. It includes bibliographic citations with abstracts and links to full-text articles. View DescriptionEnvironment abstractsThis resource covers the broad field of the environment from the sciences to the humanities, including international and domestic environmental issues, environmental policy, energy, environmental conservation, and more. It includes references to journal articles, conference papers and proceedings, special reports, news articles, monographs, and government studies. CSA Sociological Abstracts abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,700 serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers.

Records added after 1974 contain in-depth and nonevaluative abstracts of journal articles. View DescriptionSociological abstractsThis resource provides access to the international literature of sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. It includes references to scholarly journal articles and periodicals, books, book chapters, dissertations, conference papers, and working papers, with some full text and links to full text.

View DescriptionEducator's reference completeThis resource is an appropriate starting-point for research in educational principles, child development and psychology, and best practices in teaching. It is more limited than ERIC, which is preferred for comprehensive research. It contains citations for articles, reports, books, newspapers, and audio/visual material in both scholarly journals and non-scholarly publications. Scopus is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, including scientific journals, books and conference proceedings, covering research topics across scientific and technical disciplines, ranging from medicine and social sciences to arts and humanities. It includes citation data and tools that track, analyze and visualize research productivity and metrics.

View DescriptionPsycInfoThis resource contains international scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, books and dissertations in psychology and the social, behavioral and health sciences. PsycINFO is the most comprehensive database for literature in the psychological sciences. View DescriptionLibrary, information science & technology abstractsThis resource provides citations, abstracts, and some full-text articles from journals (including peer-reviewed) in library science.

It also contains citations and abstracts of books, book chapters, book reviews, research reports, case studies, and conference proceedings. View DescriptionL'Année philologiqueThis resource is useful for locating scholarly works relating to Antiquity, including Late Antiquity. It contains citations and abstracts to journal articles, conference papers, books, book reviews, and related research in ancient Greek and Latin language, culture, history, literature, religion/mythology, and philosophy, including material about the early Christian church. View DescriptionGlobal healthThis resource broadly covers international and community-level scholarly literature in public health, including rural development and health policy. Content includes journal articles, books, book chapters, conference proceedings, newsletters, reports, and gray literature.

View DescriptionATLA religion databaseThis resource is an index to scholarly works in all fields of religion and theology, including Biblical studies, ancient religions, world religions, church history, mythology, archaeology, and religious perspectives on social issues. It contains citations to articles in journals, books, book chapters, and book reviews. Ethnic NewsWatch is a comprehensive full text database of the newspapers, magazines and journals of the ethnic, minority and native press. Continuously growing since 1991, with archival material back to 1985, Ethnic NewsWatch is now a collection of more than 470,000 full-text articles from over 200 publications. Searchable in both English and Spanish, with titles in both languages and more than 100,000 articles in Spanish, ENW offers in-depth coverage of a wide range of current and retrospective topics easily accessed using free text and fielded searching. View DescriptionWeb of scienceThis resource provides access to the scholarly literature across the sciences, social sciences, and arts and humanities, and includes citations to journal articles, conference proceedings, symposia, workshops, and more.

It includes a cited reference search feature that enables users to trace the impact of individual scholars' work. View DescriptionHumanities & social sciences index retrospectiveThis resource is an international index to journals in the humanities and social sciences. It contains citations to articles, book reviews, film reviews , theater reviews, and poems. This is a good resource for tracing the history of scholarship on a humanities or social sciences topic. View DescriptionGeoRefThis resource provides access to the geoscience literature of the world, including coverage of scholarly journal literature, books, maps, government reports, conference papers, theses, and dissertations.

It includes bibliographic citations with abstracts, and links to full-text articles. Published quarterly, SAGE Race Relations Abstracts offers summaries of the best and most recent journal articles, books and conference papers from around the world. It assesses more than 300 publications providing you with the latest information and research findings in the area of race relations. Issues covered include discrimination, education, employment, health, politics, law and legislation. SAGE Race Relations Abstracts provides unique resources for scholars, activists and students. Library Literature is an index to journal articles, books, pamphlets, and theses on library and information science published since December 1984.

It also indexes editorials that appear as regular features in library science journals, along with book reviews that appear as part of review articles. One can search Library Literature by author, title, subject, or words anywhere in the indexed items records. Searches can be limited by the language or the publication year of the sources. Collectively, it will grow to include a mix of more than 4,000 expert-selected primary source documents, including corporate training videos, instructional films, case studies, text book chapters, research reports, sample business documents, and self-assessments. Dow Jones Factiva database is a global information resource, providing full-text access to top national and international newspapers , newswires, business journals, market research reports, analysts reports and web sites.

Contains over 8000 publications with content from 118 countries in 22 languages. Provides bibliographic coverage of current research focused on social work, human services, and related areas, including social welfare, social policy, and community development. The database abstracts and indexes over 1,300+ serials publications and includes abstracts of journal articles and dissertations, and citations to book reviews. A bibliographic database covering all aspects of native North American culture, history, and life. This resource covers a wide range of topics including archaeology, multicultural relations, gaming, governance, legend, and literacy. BNNA contains more than 141,000 citations for books, essays, journal articles, and government documents of the United States and Canada.

Dates of coverage for included content range from the sixteenth century to the present. View DescriptionMathSciNetThis resource is one of the leading indexes for publications covering all fields of mathematics, including research articles, review articles, conference papers, theses, and books. Many records provide an abstract, a peer review, and a link to full text. View DescriptionERIC databaseThis resource is the preferred search tool in the field of education.

It contains scholarly and practitioner-oriented articles in peer-reviewed and other journals, papers given at conferences, and scholarly reports in education and the behavioral sciences. It provides citation records, as well as a large amount of full-text content. View DescriptionCAB directThis resource covers international applied life and environmental sciences literature, including journal articles, books and book chapters, conference proceedings, newsletters, reports, and gray literature. View DescriptionAlternative press indexThis resource provides citations for articles from international alternative and small-press journals, newspapers and magazines, sometimes with links to full text. Articles include news reports, biographical profiles and arts reviews and cover cultural, economic, political and social change over the last 25 years.

Oxford Scholarship Online offers access to thousands of books from Oxford University Press, covering 20 subjects across the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. OSO has particularly strong collections in philosophy, religion, history political science, law, and literature. It includes some titles from as far back as the 1970s, though a majority date from 2003 through present.

Peer Review Meaning In English Oxford North American Women's Letters and Diaries includes approximately 100,000 pages of published letters and diaries from individuals writing from Colonial times to 1950 plus 4,000 pages of previously unpublished materials. Drawn from more than 1,000 sources, including journal articles, pamphlets, newsletters, monographs, and conference proceedings, much of the material is in copyright. Represented are all age groups and life stages, all ethnicities, many geographical regions, the famous and the not so famous. The collection includes one of the most comprehensive bibliographies of women's diaries and letters yet published. It lists over 2,000 published and unpublished items from a variety of sources, including online resources and microform.

ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials combines the premier index to journal articles, book reviews, and collections of essays in all fields of religion with ATLA's online collection of major religion and theology journals. The ATLA Religion Database includes more than 488,000 article citations from more than 1,500 journals , more than 215,000 essay citations from over 15,700 multi-author works, and more than 446,000 book review citations. This database begins in 1949 although indexing for some journal titles extends back into the nineteenth century. This database is produced by the American Theological Library Association. This is a specialized bibliographic database of scholarly works relating to all aspects of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Abstracts of journal articles are in English, German, Spanish, French or Italian.

Books entries often include tables of contents and book review information. In addition to open, single-blind and double-blind peer review, there are two experimental forms of peer review. In some cases, following publication, papers may be subjected to post-publication peer review. As many papers are now published online, the scientific community has the opportunity to comment on these papers, engage in online discussions and post a formal review. For example, online publishers PLOS and BioMed Central have enabled scientists to post comments on published papers if they are registered users of the site .

Philica is another journal launched with this experimental form of peer review. Only 8% of authors surveyed in the PRC study had experience with post-publication review . Another experimental form of peer review called Dynamic Peer Review has also emerged. Dynamic peer review is conducted on websites such as Naboj, which allow scientists to conduct peer reviews on articles in the preprint media . The peer review is conducted on repositories and is a continuous process, which allows the public to see both the article and the reviews as the article is being developed . Dynamic peer review helps prevent plagiarism as the scientific community will already be familiar with the work before the peer reviewed version appears in print .

Dynamic review also reduces the time lag between manuscript submission and publishing. An example of a preprint server is the 'arXiv' developed by Paul Ginsparg in 1991, which is used primarily by physicists . These alternative forms of peer review are still un-established and experimental. All methods of peer review have their advantages and deficiencies, and all are prone to error.

View DescriptionWildlife & ecology studies worldwideThis resource provides references to journal articles, books, conference papers and proceedings, government documents, and other hard-to-find literature on all wildlife-related topics. View DescriptionProject MuseThis resource is a searchable multidisciplinary full-text database of scholarly journals primarily in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. It also provides citations to books provided by Project Muse in digital format. View DescriptionOpposing viewpointsThis resource provides pro and con viewpoints and information on complex social issues, drawing from reference materials, commentaries, academic journals, magazines, newspapers, and primary sources. It contains full-text articles and reports, statistics, images, and video and audio files. View DescriptionLiterature resource centerThis database contains biographical profiles of significant writers worldwide from all eras and literary genres.

It also includes full-length or excerpted literary criticism articles and book reviews from scholarly journals and magazines, book chapters, and reference books. View DescriptionEmeraldThis resource is a collection of scholarly sources published by Emerald, with a focus on business, management, economics, computing, and technology. It contains citations and some full-text articles from peer-reviewed journals, plus citations/abstracts for ebooks, case studies and book chapters. This is an excellent resource for students and scholars studying the history and development of the field of anthropology. It includes fieldwork notes, photographs, letters, and other primary source materials. Provides a classified listing and subject index for books and articles published on modern languages, literatures, folklore, and linguistics.

It comprises a collection of 1.6 million citations drawn from 4,400 journals and other key global sources. In addition to the bibliography, the database includes the MLA Directory of Periodicals, the association's proprietary thesaurus used to assign the descriptors to each record in the bibliography. It also provides proprietary, searchable directory of noted authors' names with links to brief descriptive notes. Education Research Complete is a bibliographic and full text database covering scholarly research and information relating to all areas of education. Topics covered include all levels of education from early childhood to higher education, and all educational specialties, such as multilingual education, health education, and testing.

Education Research Complete also covers areas of curriculum instruction as well as administration, policy, funding, and related social issues. The database provides indexing and abstracts for more than 1,500 journals, as well as full- text for more than 750 journals. This database also includes full text for more than 80 books and full text for numerous education-related conference papers.

Philosophy remains a highly active field for new research and publishing and the number of books and articles published seems to increase every year. With much of the work online in one form or another and older material now more easily available, students and researchers have ready access to an overwhelming array of potentially useful primary texts, journal articles, reference works, and other resources. Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy is designed to provide authoritative guidance by combining the best features of a high-level encyclopedia and the best features of a traditional bibliography put together in a style that responds to the way people do research online.

The Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals provides access to legal literature worldwide and covers all forms of foreign law. Types of documents covered include journal articles, congress reports, essay collections, yearbooks, and book reviews. Rubriq is an independent peer review service designed by Shashi Mudunuri and Keith Collier to improve the peer review system . Rubriq is intended to decrease redundancy in the peer review process so that the time lost in redundant reviewing can be put back into research . According to Keith Collier, over 15 million hours are lost each year to redundant peer review, as papers get rejected from one journal and are subsequently submitted to a less prestigious journal where they are reviewed again . Authors often have to submit their manuscript to multiple journals, and are often rejected multiple times before they find the right match.

Rubriq makes peer review portable in order to help authors choose the journal that is best suited for their manuscript from the beginning, thus reducing the time before their paper is published . Rubriq operates under an author-pay model, in which the author pays a fee and their manuscript undergoes double-blind peer review by three expert academic reviewers using a standardized scorecard . Once the manuscript has been reviewed by the three experts, the most appropriate journal for submission is determined based on the topic and quality of the paper . The paper is returned to the author in 1-2 weeks with the Rubriq Report . The author can then submit their paper to the suggested journal with the Rubriq Report attached. The Rubriq Report will give the journal editors a much stronger incentive to consider the paper as it shows that three experts have recommended the paper to them .

Rubriq also has its benefits for reviewers; the Rubriq scorecard gives structure to the peer review process, and thus makes it consistent and efficient, which decreases time and stress for the reviewer. Reviewers also receive feedback on their reviews and most significantly, they are compensated for their time . Journals also benefit, as they receive pre-screened papers, reducing the number of papers sent to their own reviewers, which often end up rejected . This can reduce reviewer fatigue, and allow only higher-quality articles to be sent to their peer reviewers . PeerJ was founded by Jason Hoyt and Peter Binfield in June 2012 as an open access, peer reviewed scholarly journal for the Biological and Medical Sciences . PeerJ selects articles to publish based only on scientific and methodological soundness, not on subjective determinants of 'impact', 'novelty' or 'interest' .